Machine Vsion: Machine vision (MV System) is the application of computer vision to industry and manufacturing.
Objects Detection vs Segmentation: I feel object detection has a semantic meaning compared to segmentation. My definition for them: "Segmentation groups pixels which have same properties(for example intensity) together while objects detection detect interested particular objects.
For example,
1) moving objects detection will detect and group pixels which have different intensities value from backgroud.
2) template matching will detect an object which has same (similar shape/properties) of template from database
Object Tracking: Object tracking establish correspondene between detected objects from frame to frame. In other words, tracker assigns consistent lables to the detected objects in different frames. In my personal view, tracking can be defined
1) as the problem of estimating the trajectory of a moving object (that is: we find the correspondence between detected object in two different frames by estimating the trajectory of that particular object). (mean-shift ??)
2) as the problem of finding similar properties in the next consecutive frame using the properties of detected objects in the current frame (contour evolution ??)
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